BECs bridge the gap between classical physics, which governs visible phenomena, and quantum physics, which describes subatomic behavior. This makes them invaluable for studying quantum mechanics in a way that’s observable under a microscope.

CAL achieves these ultracool conditions using lasers and magnets to chill atoms to within 1/10-billionth of a degree above absolute zero. The experiments not only deepen understanding of quantum physics but also have significant real-world applications. For instance, the lab uses an atom interferometer to measure gravitational variations on Earth’s surface, providing insights into underground structures like water reservoirs or oil deposits.

The potential applications extend beyond Earth. CAL’s research could aid planetary mapping and the detection of dark energy, a mysterious force accelerating the universe’s expansion. Dark energy accounts for 70% of the cosmos, with the remainder split between dark matter and normal matter. Understanding its nature is vital, as studies show the universe is expanding 9% faster than predicted, a revelation that has stirred excitement among cosmologists.

BECs may also help detect particles like axions, thought to be tied to dark energy and dark matter. Early studies have used condensates to probe these elusive phenomena, offering hope for groundbreaking discoveries about the universe’s hidden forces.